How big was the Toltecs' civilization?

The Toltecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished from around the 10th to the 12th century AD. While they did not establish a vast empire like the Aztecs or the Maya, their influence extended across a significant portion of central Mexico.

1. Territorial Expansion

The Toltecs originated in the present-day state of Hidalgo in Mexico but expanded their influence through military conquest and cultural diffusion. They established their capital city, Tula, in the present-day state of Tlaxcala, which served as the center of their civilization.

2. Trade Networks

The Toltecs were active participants in regional trade networks, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas across Mesoamerica. Their strategic location allowed them to control key trade routes, enhancing their economic influence beyond their immediate territory.

3. Cultural Influence

The Toltecs had a profound cultural impact on the surrounding regions. Their architectural style, religious beliefs, and artistic expressions influenced subsequent civilizations, including the Aztecs. The iconic "Atlantean figures" found at Tula are a testament to their architectural prowess and cultural influence.

4. Political Hegemony

While the extent of Toltec political control is debated among historians, they are believed to have exercised significant influence over neighboring city-states through military might and alliances. Their military campaigns, led by legendary figures like Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, expanded their sphere of influence and solidified their position as a dominant force in central Mexico.

5. Decline and Legacy

The Toltec civilization eventually declined, possibly due to internal strife, environmental factors, or external pressures. However, their legacy endured through the tales of their achievements, which were preserved in later Mesoamerican cultures. The Aztecs, in particular, revered the Toltecs as the predecessors of their own civilization, incorporating Toltec myths and legends into their own religious beliefs.

In summary, while the Toltec civilization may not have been as extensive as some of their contemporaries, their influence was profound and far-reaching in central Mexico. Through territorial expansion, trade networks, cultural diffusion, and political hegemony, the Toltecs left an indelible mark on the history and culture of Mesoamerica.