What did the Toltecs eat?

The diet of the Toltecs, like many ancient Mesoamerican civilizations, was diverse and primarily based on agriculture, supplemented by hunting, fishing, and gathering. 

1. Maize (Corn):

Maize was the staple crop of the Toltecs and served as the foundation of their diet. They cultivated various types of maize, including different colors and sizes, which provided carbohydrates, essential nutrients, and calories. Maize was consumed in various forms, such as tortillas, tamales, and pozole (a traditional maize-based soup).

2. Beans:

Beans were another crucial component of the Toltec diet, providing protein, fiber, and other essential nutrients. They cultivated several varieties of beans, including black beans, kidney beans, and lima beans. Beans were often combined with maize to create complete proteins and served as a nutritious complement to meals.

3. Squash and Pumpkins:

Squash and pumpkins were important crops grown by the Toltecs. These vegetables provided vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber to their diet. They were consumed in various ways, including roasted, boiled, or mashed, and were sometimes incorporated into stews and soups.

4. Chilies and Tomatoes:

Chilies and tomatoes were native plants domesticated by Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Toltecs. These ingredients added flavor, spice, and nutritional value to their dishes. Chilies were used to make sauces, while tomatoes were eaten raw or cooked and used as a base for various dishes.

5. Amaranth and Quinoa:

The Toltecs also cultivated amaranth and quinoa, nutritious pseudo-grains that provided protein and essential amino acids. These crops were often mixed with maize to create porridges, gruels, or flatbreads, adding nutritional diversity to their diet.

6. Wild Game and Fish:

While agriculture formed the foundation of their diet, the Toltecs also supplemented their meals with wild game and fish obtained through hunting and fishing. Deer, rabbits, birds, and various species of fish were consumed, providing additional protein and micronutrients.

7. Fruits and Vegetables:

The Toltecs gathered a variety of wild fruits, vegetables, and herbs from their surroundings. These included avocados, papayas, cactus fruits, and various leafy greens, which added vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to their diet.

In summary, the Toltecs had a diverse diet based on agriculture, including maize, beans, squash, and other crops, supplemented by wild game, fish, fruits, and vegetables. Their diet was nutritious, balanced, and adapted to the resources available in their environment.